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Digraph, DAG and graph isomorphism are GI-complete

Lax604544.GraphIsomorphismDegree · concepts/Lax604544/GraphIsomorphismDegree.lean · lax-604544

proven

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    Natural Language Statement

    Theorem

    Graph Isomorphism is GI-complete, being complete for its own degree, and so are Digraph Isomorphism and DAG Isomorphism: the three problems reduce to one another by first-order reductions, and GI is also the degree of Digraph Isomorphism. A directed graph becomes a simple graph by subdividing every arc three times and attaching a pendant that carries its direction; a directed graph becomes an acyclic one by subdividing every arc twice, the direction surviving as the difference of the two levels. In the other direction simplicity and the validity of the acyclicity witnesses are first-order, so a reduction only tests them. These are problems complete for a class defined by no logic, and conjectured to be neither in PTIME nor NP-complete.

    Concept map
    28 concepts
    100%
    Proven claimDefinitionThis conceptRelated conceptA → B: B builds on A
    Evidence

    Lean source view on GitHub

    1import Lax904597.Problems
    2import Lax904597.Interpretations
    3import Lax904597.Relativized
    4import Lax904597.Classes
    5import Lax904597.Sat
    6import Lax799700.SubgraphIso
    7import Lax485149.Problems
    8import Lax485149.TwoSat
    9import Lax485149.ClassNL
    10import Lax535992.HornSat
    11import Lax535992.ClassPTIME
    12import Lax564036.Hierarchy
    13import Lax564036.Tautology
    14import Lax624099.ClassRE
    15import Lax624099.FiniteSatisfiability
    16import Lax604544.Degrees
    17import Lax604544.RelationIsomorphism
    18import Lax604544.GraphIsomorphism
    19import Lax604544.DagIsomorphism
    20
    21/-!
    22---
    23title: Digraph, DAG and graph isomorphism are GI-complete
    24type: theorem
    25---
    26Graph Isomorphism is GI-complete, being complete for its own degree, and so
    27are Digraph Isomorphism and DAG Isomorphism: the three problems reduce to
    28one another by first-order reductions, and GI is also the degree of Digraph
    29Isomorphism. A directed graph becomes a simple graph by subdividing every
    30arc three times and attaching a pendant that carries its direction; a
    31directed graph becomes an acyclic one by subdividing every arc twice, the
    32direction surviving as the difference of the two levels. In the other
    33direction simplicity and the validity of the acyclicity witnesses are
    34first-order, so a reduction only tests them. These are problems complete
    35for a class defined by no logic, and conjectured to be neither in PTIME nor
    36NP-complete.
    37-/
    38
    39namespace Lax604544.GraphIsomorphismDegree
    40
    41open FirstOrder FirstOrder.Language
    42open Lax904597.Problems Lax904597.Interpretations Lax904597.Relativized Lax904597.Classes
    43open Lax904597.Sat Lax799700.SubgraphIso
    44open Lax485149.Problems Lax485149.TwoSat Lax485149.ClassNL Lax535992.HornSat Lax535992.ClassPTIME
    45open Lax564036.Hierarchy Lax564036.Tautology Lax624099.ClassRE Lax624099.FiniteSatisfiability
    46open Lax604544.Degrees Lax604544.RelationIsomorphism
    47open Lax604544.GraphIsomorphism Lax604544.DagIsomorphism
    48
    49/-- Graph Isomorphism is GI-complete. -/
    50axiom graphIso_GI_complete : GI.Complete GraphIso
    51
    52/-- Digraph Isomorphism is GI-complete. -/
    53axiom digraphIso_GI_complete : GI.Complete DigraphIso
    54
    55/-- DAG Isomorphism is GI-complete. -/
    56axiom dagIso_GI_complete : GI.Complete DagIso
    57
    58/-- GI is also the degree of Digraph Isomorphism. -/
    59axiom GI_eq_below_digraphIso : GI = below DigraphIso
    60
    61end Lax604544.GraphIsomorphismDegree
    62
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