Digraph, DAG and graph isomorphism are GI-complete
Lax604544.GraphIsomorphismDegree · concepts/Lax604544/GraphIsomorphismDegree.lean · lax-604544
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Theorem
Graph Isomorphism is GI-complete, being complete for its own degree, and so are Digraph Isomorphism and DAG Isomorphism: the three problems reduce to one another by first-order reductions, and GI is also the degree of Digraph Isomorphism. A directed graph becomes a simple graph by subdividing every arc three times and attaching a pendant that carries its direction; a directed graph becomes an acyclic one by subdividing every arc twice, the direction surviving as the difference of the two levels. In the other direction simplicity and the validity of the acyclicity witnesses are first-order, so a reduction only tests them. These are problems complete for a class defined by no logic, and conjectured to be neither in PTIME nor NP-complete.
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| 1 | import Lax904597.Problems |
| 2 | import Lax904597.Interpretations |
| 3 | import Lax904597.Relativized |
| 4 | import Lax904597.Classes |
| 5 | import Lax904597.Sat |
| 6 | import Lax799700.SubgraphIso |
| 7 | import Lax485149.Problems |
| 8 | import Lax485149.TwoSat |
| 9 | import Lax485149.ClassNL |
| 10 | import Lax535992.HornSat |
| 11 | import Lax535992.ClassPTIME |
| 12 | import Lax564036.Hierarchy |
| 13 | import Lax564036.Tautology |
| 14 | import Lax624099.ClassRE |
| 15 | import Lax624099.FiniteSatisfiability |
| 16 | import Lax604544.Degrees |
| 17 | import Lax604544.RelationIsomorphism |
| 18 | import Lax604544.GraphIsomorphism |
| 19 | import Lax604544.DagIsomorphism |
| 20 | |
| 21 | /-! |
| 22 | --- |
| 23 | title: Digraph, DAG and graph isomorphism are GI-complete |
| 24 | type: theorem |
| 25 | --- |
| 26 | Graph Isomorphism is GI-complete, being complete for its own degree, and so |
| 27 | are Digraph Isomorphism and DAG Isomorphism: the three problems reduce to |
| 28 | one another by first-order reductions, and GI is also the degree of Digraph |
| 29 | Isomorphism. A directed graph becomes a simple graph by subdividing every |
| 30 | arc three times and attaching a pendant that carries its direction; a |
| 31 | directed graph becomes an acyclic one by subdividing every arc twice, the |
| 32 | direction surviving as the difference of the two levels. In the other |
| 33 | direction simplicity and the validity of the acyclicity witnesses are |
| 34 | first-order, so a reduction only tests them. These are problems complete |
| 35 | for a class defined by no logic, and conjectured to be neither in PTIME nor |
| 36 | NP-complete. |
| 37 | -/ |
| 38 | |
| 39 | namespace Lax604544.GraphIsomorphismDegree |
| 40 | |
| 41 | open FirstOrder FirstOrder.Language |
| 42 | open Lax904597.Problems Lax904597.Interpretations Lax904597.Relativized Lax904597.Classes |
| 43 | open Lax904597.Sat Lax799700.SubgraphIso |
| 44 | open Lax485149.Problems Lax485149.TwoSat Lax485149.ClassNL Lax535992.HornSat Lax535992.ClassPTIME |
| 45 | open Lax564036.Hierarchy Lax564036.Tautology Lax624099.ClassRE Lax624099.FiniteSatisfiability |
| 46 | open Lax604544.Degrees Lax604544.RelationIsomorphism |
| 47 | open Lax604544.GraphIsomorphism Lax604544.DagIsomorphism |
| 48 | |
| 49 | /-- Graph Isomorphism is GI-complete. -/ |
| 50 | axiom graphIso_GI_complete : GI.Complete GraphIso |
| 51 | |
| 52 | /-- Digraph Isomorphism is GI-complete. -/ |
| 53 | axiom digraphIso_GI_complete : GI.Complete DigraphIso |
| 54 | |
| 55 | /-- DAG Isomorphism is GI-complete. -/ |
| 56 | axiom dagIso_GI_complete : GI.Complete DagIso |
| 57 | |
| 58 | /-- GI is also the degree of Digraph Isomorphism. -/ |
| 59 | axiom GI_eq_below_digraphIso : GI = below DigraphIso |
| 60 | |
| 61 | end Lax604544.GraphIsomorphismDegree |
| 62 |
Builds on
Lax485149.ClassNLLax485149.ProblemsLax485149.TwoSatLax535992.ClassPTIMELax535992.HornSatLax564036.HierarchyLax564036.TautologyLax604544.DagIsomorphismLax604544.DegreesLax604544.GraphIsomorphismLax604544.RelationIsomorphismLax624099.ClassRELax624099.FiniteSatisfiabilityLax799700.SubgraphIsoLax904597.ClassesLax904597.InterpretationsLax904597.ProblemsLax904597.RelativizedLax904597.Sat
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