Transducers, Part C: Regular Functions, Two-Way Transducers and Streaming String Transducers
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Sections 1–3 of Part C of the book Transducers (M. Bojańczyk) as concepts and proofs: the regular functions, defined as the compositions of rational functions with map reverse and map duplicate, and their two machine models, deterministic two-way transducers and streaming string transducers. The Lean development is Aristotle's formalisation of the book, re-presented in the archive's form; it requires the Part A and Part B submissions.
The definition-concepts are the regular functions (C.0.1), two-way transducers (C.2.1) with their run semantics, codes of two-way transducers, the string representation of the reachable configuration graph of a two-way transducer, streaming string transducers (C.3.1), and snake graphs with their outputs and widths.
The theorem-concepts are the numbered results: continuity and closure under composition of the regular functions (C.1.1), continuity of reversal, duplication (C.1.2) and map lifting (C.1.3), decidable equivalence of regular functions given by two-way transducers (C.1.4), continuity of two-way transducers (C.2.2, Rabin–Scott and Shepherdson) with the two lemmas on the configuration graph (C.2.3, C.2.4), closure of two-way transducers under composition (C.2.5, Chytil–Jákl) and under pre-composition with Mealy machines and rational functions (C.2.6, C.2.7), the theorem that two-way transducers compute exactly the regular functions (C.2.8, C.2.9, as two implications and their conjunction), the closure properties of regular functions under map lifting, concatenation and conditionals (C.2.10), the sum of two regular functions (C.2.11, corrected on the empty input), the snake lemma (C.2.12, for every width), and the equivalence of streaming string transducers with the regular functions (C.3.2, Alur–Černý, as two implications and their conjunction). All are proved.
The decidability of equivalence is proved not by the book's reduction to weighted automata but by an explicit bound from the crossing-sequence decomposition of a two-way run and Schützenberger's rank criterion; the book's reduction is formalised as well, and the two agree. Conjecture C.1.5 is not formalised. The exercises are not part of this submission.
In the paper
- page 84 of the paper of lax-157538, Transducers
Concepts
- thm✓
Lax916827.ConfigurationGraphOutput - thm✓
Lax916827.ConfigurationGraphRational - def
Lax916827.ConfigurationGraphs - thm✓
Lax916827.DuplicationContinuous - thm✓
Lax916827.MapLiftingContinuity - thm✓
Lax916827.RegularComposition - thm✓
Lax916827.RegularConcatenation - thm✓
Lax916827.RegularConditional - thm✓
Lax916827.RegularContinuity - thm✓
Lax916827.RegularEquivalenceDecidable - def
Lax916827.RegularFunctions - thm✓
Lax916827.RegularMapLifting - thm✓
Lax916827.RegularOfSST - thm✓
Lax916827.RegularOfTwoWay - thm✓
Lax916827.RegularSum - thm✓
Lax916827.ReversalContinuous - def
Lax916827.SnakeGraphs - thm✓
Lax916827.SnakeLemma - thm✓
Lax916827.SSTIffRegular - thm✓
Lax916827.SSTOfRegular - def
Lax916827.StreamingStringTransducers - def
Lax916827.TwoWayCodes - thm✓
Lax916827.TwoWayComposition - thm✓
Lax916827.TwoWayContinuity - thm✓
Lax916827.TwoWayIffRegular - thm✓
Lax916827.TwoWayMealyPrecomposition - thm✓
Lax916827.TwoWayOfRegular - thm✓
Lax916827.TwoWayRationalPrecomposition - def
Lax916827.TwoWayTransducers
- def
Lax132576.LabelledAutomata - def
Lax132576.RationalFunctions - def
Lax132576.RationalRelations - def
Lax132576.TransducerCodes - def
Lax765601.CompositionClosure - def
Lax765601.Continuity - def
Lax765601.MapLifting - def
Lax765601.MealyMachine
Concept map
Proofs
Proof networkview on GitHub
Lean sources for these proofs: proofs/ on GitHub
Proof code is not displayed; the archive records each proof's checked relationship between claims.
Related submissions
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Cite this
@misc{lax-916827,
author = {Mikołaj Bojańczyk and Aristotle (Harmonic)},
title = {Transducers, Part C: Regular Functions, Two-Way Transducers and Streaming String Transducers},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {Lax Archive, lax-916827},
url = {https://laxarchive.org/lax-916827/},
note = {draft},
}
References
- John C. Shepherdson. The Reduction of Two-Way Automata to One-Way Automata. IBM Journal of Research and Development 3(2):198–200, 1959. doi:10.1147/rd.32.0198
- Michal P. Chytil and Vojtěch Jákl. Serial Composition of 2-Way Finite-State Transducers and Simple Programs on Strings. In Automata, Languages and Programming (ICALP 1977) 52:135–147, 1977. doi:10.1007/3-540-08342-1_11
- Rajeev Alur and Pavol Černý. Expressiveness of Streaming String Transducers. In IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2010) 8:1–12, 2010. doi:10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2010.1
- Mikołaj Bojańczyk. Transducers. 2026. Book in preparation; sources at r̆lhttps://github.com/bojanczyk/transducer-book.
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