Proof of `Monadic dependence through the independence property` (2nd statement)

groundedproofs/Lax185574Proofs/IndependencePropertyTuples.lean · lax-185574

What this proof establishes

Assuming the claims on the left, the claim on the right holds — checked by the archive's pipeline. Proof code is not displayed here.

Read the Lean proof on GitHub

In the paper

  • page 60 of this submission's paper

Description

Suppose φ(x̄; ȳ) has the independence property on CC. The left tuple is not empty, since otherwise all aiaᵢ agree. By Shelah's reduction, carried out with Ramsey's theorem on finite shattered sequences, some formula ψ(x;zˉ)ψ(x; z̄) with a single left variable has the independence property, and so has its dual ψ∗(zˉ;x)ψ*(z̄; x). Then ψ∗(zˉ;x)∧ψ∗(zˉ′;x)ψ*(z̄; x) ∧ ψ*(z̄'; x) codes pairs: for tuples aiaᵢ and an+ja_{n+j} the elements bk,n+lb_{{k, n+l}} satisfy it exactly when (i,j)=(k,l)(i, j) = (k, l). Among all formulas coding on CC, with any number of colors, take one of least total arity. If it has two left variables, then either xx extends by elements of a color AA to a tuple coding zz and no other element of a color CC, which is a coding formula with a single left variable, or a spurious witness gives a coding formula with parameters and fewer left variables. By symmetry the minimal formula is θ(x,y,z)θ(x, y, z) in single variables. With a color C0C₀ for the codes ci,Jc_{i,J} with i∈Ji ∈ J, the formula ∃z(C0(z)∧θ(x,y,z))∃z (C₀(z) ∧ θ(x, y, z)) has the independence property. So CC is not monadically dependent.

The argument is carried out for the graph classes of the archive and mathlib formulas, and transferred to the graph classes used here and the translation of formulas.