Gossiping and the Characterization by T-Graphs and M-Graphs
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In the Gossiping problem, the edges of a multigraph are calls between participants, and one asks for an ordering of the calls, given by a labeling of the edges with natural numbers, such that every participant learns the secret of every other participant. Equivalently, the edge-labeled graph must be temporally connected: for every ordered pair of vertices there is a path whose edge labels strictly increase. We say that is label-connected if such a labeling exists.
This submission defines the problem and the two structural witnesses of the classical characterization of label-connected multigraphs. A -graph has two spanning trees sharing at most one edge. An -graph is not a -graph but contains a cycle of length at least four together with two edge-disjoint spanning forests, each with exactly four components, all of which meet the cycle. The main statement is that a finite multigraph is label-connected if and only if it has at most one vertex, is a -graph, or is an -graph.
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@misc{lax-630294,
author = {Ralf Klasing and George B. Mertzios and Hendrik Molter and Nils Morawietz and Paul G. Spirakis and Claude Code},
title = {Gossiping and the Characterization by T-Graphs and M-Graphs},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {Lax Archive, lax-630294},
url = {https://laxarchive.org/lax-630294/},
note = {draft},
}
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