Slow spaces on a separable Banach space need not be measurable
Lax606786.SlowSpaceNonmeasurability · concepts/Lax606786/SlowSpaceNonmeasurability.lean · lax-606786
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Theorem
Let with its product -algebra, and let . For let
Then is separable and every belongs to the Grassmannian , but there is no measurable map with for every .
Over the shift with the Bernoulli measure, the operators form a cocycle of rank one with , fast space and slow space ; so separability of alone does not make the slow spaces measurable. This example is due to J. A. Horan (PhD thesis, University of Victoria, 2020). The argument: distinct are at distance at least in and , so a measurable would make every set measurable, while there are more such sets than measurable ones.
In Lean a sign is coded by a boolean, for .
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- page 18 of this submission's paper
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| 1 | import Lax606786.Grassmannian |
| 2 | import Mathlib.Analysis.Normed.Lp.lpSpace |
| 3 | import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.MeasurableSpace.Pi |
| 4 | |
| 5 | /-! |
| 6 | --- |
| 7 | title: Slow spaces on a separable Banach space need not be measurable |
| 8 | type: theorem |
| 9 | --- |
| 10 | Let with its product -algebra, and let |
| 11 | . For let |
| 12 | |
| 13 | |
| 14 | Then is separable and every belongs to the Grassmannian , but there |
| 15 | is no measurable map with for every |
| 16 | . |
| 17 | |
| 18 | Over the shift with the Bernoulli measure, the operators |
| 19 | form a cocycle of rank one with |
| 20 | , fast space and slow space |
| 21 | ; so separability of alone does not make the slow spaces measurable. This |
| 22 | example is due to J. A. Horan (PhD thesis, University of Victoria, 2020). The |
| 23 | argument: distinct are at distance at least in and |
| 24 | , so a measurable would make every set measurable, while |
| 25 | there are more such sets than measurable ones. |
| 26 | |
| 27 | In Lean a sign is coded by a boolean, `true` for . |
| 28 | -/ |
| 29 | |
| 30 | namespace Lax606786.SlowSpaceNonmeasurability |
| 31 | |
| 32 | open TopologicalSpace |
| 33 | open Lax606786.Grassmannian |
| 34 | |
| 35 | /-- `ω_i ∈ {±1}`, coded by `true ↦ 1` and `false ↦ -1`. -/ |
| 36 | def sign (ω : ℤ → Bool) (i : ℤ) : ℝ := if ω i then 1 else -1 |
| 37 | |
| 38 | /-- `V_ω = {x ∈ ℓ¹(ℤ) : Σᵢ ωᵢ xᵢ = 0}`. -/ |
| 39 | def slowSpace (ω : ℤ → Bool) : Set (lp (fun _ : ℤ => ℝ) 1) := |
| 40 | {x | ∑' i, sign ω i * x i = 0} |
| 41 | |
| 42 | /-- `ℓ¹(ℤ)` is separable and each `V_ω` lies in `𝒢X`, but no measurable map `Ω → 𝒢X` takes the |
| 43 | value `V_ω` at every `ω`. -/ |
| 44 | axiom slowSpace_not_measurable : |
| 45 | SeparableSpace (lp (fun _ : ℤ => ℝ) 1) ∧ |
| 46 | (∃ W : (ℤ → Bool) → Grassmannian (lp (fun _ : ℤ => ℝ) 1), |
| 47 | ∀ ω, ((W ω).1 : Set (lp (fun _ : ℤ => ℝ) 1)) = slowSpace ω) ∧ |
| 48 | ¬ ∃ W : (ℤ → Bool) → Grassmannian (lp (fun _ : ℤ => ℝ) 1), |
| 49 | Measurable W ∧ ∀ ω, ((W ω).1 : Set (lp (fun _ : ℤ => ℝ) 1)) = slowSpace ω |
| 50 | |
| 51 | end Lax606786.SlowSpaceNonmeasurability |
| 52 |
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