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Lax485480.CographWelzlTreeUpperBound

Cographs have logarithmic Welzl trees

concepts/Lax485480/CographWelzlTreeUpperBound.lean · lax-485480

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    Proven claimDefinitionThis conceptRelated conceptA → B: B builds on A

    Theorem

    Every cograph on n positive vertices has a spanning tree of crossing number at most 4(ceil(log2n)+1)4 * (ceil(log₂ n) + 1) for its open-neighborhood set system.

    Indeed, a Welzl order determines the path that joins consecutive vertices. A set crosses exactly the same consecutive pairs in the order as it crosses edges of this path. The logarithmic Welzl-order bound for cographs therefore transfers without loss to spanning trees.

    In the terminology of Crespelle and Gambette, the underlying order theorem is their logarithmic upper bound on cograph contiguity: a neighborhood that is the union of few intervals has few membership changes along the order. The path construction records those changes as crossed tree edges.

    Lean source view on GitHub

    1import Lax485480.WelzlTrees
    2import Lax214022.Cographs
    3import Lax195003.WelzlOrdersNeighborhoodSetSystem
    4import Mathlib.Data.Nat.Log
    5
    6/-!
    7---
    8title: Cographs have logarithmic Welzl trees
    9type: theorem
    10---
    11Every cograph on *n* positive vertices has a spanning tree of crossing number
    12at most `4 * (ceil(log₂ n) + 1)` for its open-neighborhood set system.
    13
    14Indeed, a Welzl order determines the path that joins consecutive vertices.
    15A set crosses exactly the same consecutive pairs in the order as it crosses
    16edges of this path. The logarithmic Welzl-order bound for cographs therefore
    17transfers without loss to spanning trees.
    18
    19In the terminology of Crespelle and Gambette, the underlying order theorem
    20is their logarithmic upper bound on cograph contiguity: a neighborhood that
    21is the union of few intervals has few membership changes along the order.
    22The path construction records those changes as crossed tree edges.
    23
    24# Formalization notes
    25
    26Positivity is assumed because a tree is connected and hence has a vertex;
    27there is no spanning tree on the empty ground set. The ceiling logarithm is
    28`Nat.clog 2 n`, matching the preceding cograph Welzl-order theorem.
    29-/
    30
    31namespace Lax485480.CographWelzlTreeUpperBound
    32
    33open Lax195003.WelzlOrdersNeighborhoodSetSystem
    34open Lax214022.Cographs
    35open Lax485480.WelzlTrees
    36
    37/-- Every nonempty cograph has an open-neighborhood Welzl tree with at most
    38four times one plus the ceiling binary logarithm of its order crossings. -/
    39axiom exists_welzlTree_crossingNumber_le_four_clog_add_one
    40 (n : ℕ) (hn : 0 < n) (G : SimpleGraph (Fin n)) (hG : IsCograph G) :
    41 ∃ T : SimpleGraph (Fin n),
    42 IsWelzlTree (neighborhoodSetSystem G 1) T
    43 (4 * (Nat.clog 2 n + 1))
    44
    45end Lax485480.CographWelzlTreeUpperBound
    46
    Show Proof

    Formalization notes

    Positivity is assumed because a tree is connected and hence has a vertex; there is no spanning tree on the empty ground set. The ceiling logarithm is Nat.clog2nNat.clog 2 n, matching the preceding cograph Welzl-order theorem.

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